A Formal Analysis of Metal Gear Solid 4



Series Generally MGS MGS2 MGS3 Other (MG1, MG2, ZOE, Snatcher)
All gameplay from Snake's arrival until his meeting with the Mk.II reflects the series' usual formula of forcing him to sneak, unarmed, from a starting point to a contact with munitions. See Raiden's acquiring the SOCOM pistol from Plisken in the Big Shell and Naked Snake's acquiring the M1911A1 and Mk.2 handguns from EVA. Players must access Act I's Briefing from the game's main menu, recalling identical steps needed to access MGS1's Briefing. Snake infiltrates Act I's battlefield under the cover of an armed conflict, recalling Raiden's infiltration of the Big Shell during Seal Team 10's attack. Act I's third playable area features rubbled buildings, recalling the broken factory near the end of Virtuous Mission. Ocelot's Frog soldiers wield machetes similar to Null's blade in MPO.
After tossing away his Middle East costume, Snake adopts his classic infiltration pose. See his arrival on board the Tanker in MGS2 as well as Naked Snake's landing from his HALO jump in MGS3. Campbell briefs Snake on Liquid's location as he had at the start of MGS1. He wears the same suit and uses the same cane as Armstech President Kenneth Baker had in MGS1. Snake watches the BB Unit demolish the Middle East militia, recalling when Raiden watched Vamp and Fortune slaughter Seal Team 10. The BB Unit flourishes its members' powers when it wrecks the militia's dozer, much as the Cobra Unit had flourished its members' skills when it kidnapped Sokolov from the rope bridge at the end of Virtuous Mission. The names of the new Foxhound Unit's members refer to similar characters from Policenauts.
When moving through the militia's underground base, Snake's Middle East costume disguises him much as had the Enemy Uniform in MG1, the BDUs in MGS2, and Lab Coat in MGS3. The green light on the PMC armored transport car's gun mimics the appearance of the gun-cameras from MGS1. It likewise receives its own cutscene, as the first surveillance camera in MGS1 had. Snake's Middle East costume flies away in a manner that recalls his discarded poncho prior to bungee jumping aboard the Tanker in MGS2. Snake smokes in the transport vehicle en route to the battlefield, recalling the cigar that Naked Snake had smoked aboard the plane prior to his HALO jump into MGS3's battlefield. Meryl wears a bullet around her neck, in reference to her character design in Policenauts.
Drebin's monkey, Little Grey, fits the series' formula for a token pet. See Kio Marv's pigeon from MG2, Sniper Wolf's wolves from MGS1, Emma's parrot from MGS2, Fortune's seagulls from MGS2, and The End's parrot from MGS3. Through the Mk.II, Otacon says he'll follow Snake wherever he goes "like this," demonstrating the Mk.II's stealth function. This recalls the stealth technology that Otacon had used to shadow Solid Snake safely during MGS1. 
 
Destructible watermelons recall the same items in the Tanker's pantry and the Big Shell's kitchen. Snake closes his hand over a dark flower petal in the graveyard, recalling Naked Snake's similar gesture after defeating The Boss. The Mk.II originally appeared as a Metal Gear reference in Snatcher. It appears in MGS4 as a reference to Metal Gear's iteration in Snatcher. The Mk.II's FPV interface also features the NeoKobe icon as a reference to Snatcher.
Snake's and the new Foxhound's battle against the Frogs fits the series' formula for an ambush battle against high level enemies. See the ambush boss from MG1, the Four Horsemen boss fight from MG2, the SWAT Team battle after first meeting Meryl in MGS1, Snake's shootout with the Gurlukovich mercs en route to the Tanker's Holds in MGS2, the Arsenal Gear ambush in MGS2, and the fights against the Ocelot Unit in MGS3. The milita's tank resembles the M-1 tank that Raven had piloted in MGS1. During Act I's opening, Snake, Otacon, and Campbell ride in a gunship helicopter recalling Ocelot's approach to the Tanker in MGS2. The flowers that deck the graveyard recall those that grew in the field where Naked Snake defeated The Boss. Snake can use the Mk.II as a mobile distraction, recalling the Mouse item from Metal Gear 2.
Jonathan's !-shaped mohawk is a tribute to one of the oldest aspects to the series' interface. MGS tanks resemble the M-1 Tank piloted by Raven in the snowfield. The lasers stitched across Snake's path to the elevator in Advent Palace recall the C4 trap sensors rigged aboard the Tanker. Snake receives a good starting pack of equipment after reaching the Mk.II, much as Naked Snake had sufficiently equipped himself after retrieving his backpack at the start of Virtuous Mission. The Praying Mantis PMC soldiers freak out and assault each other, recalling the self-destructive riot of Army's Heaven's troops after Gene poisoned their thoughts with distrust.
Snake's arrival via truck recalls his previous rides hitched in the back of enemy vehicles in Metal Gear 1, Metal Gear 2, and MGS1. Drebin offers unexpected support as MGS1's Grey Fox and MGS2's Mr. X had, and he utters their shared signature line: "Neither enemy nor friend." The Mk.II profiles Snake through a digital camera interface that recalls the Cypher's photographing Snake aboard the Tanker. Act I's third playable area features elevated iron beams that Snake can balance upon and walk across, recalling similar beams placed in the burned factory near the end of Virtuous Mission.  
Snake opens Act I with a lecture about the current state of warfare, recalling similar cursory statements about the nature of war for the contexts of MGS2 and MGS3. Drebin injects Snake with nanomachines and a new breed of the FoxDie virus as Naomi had aboard the MGS1's nuclear submarine. Snake discovers PMC corpses within the militia's base, recalling the Marine corpses found aboard the Tanker. Philanthropy's Nomad resembles the command airship that had held Naked Snake's support staff.  
The Praying Mantic PMC decimates militia troops upon Snake's arrival, suggesting the GRU's massacre of the Tanker's Marines at the opening of MGS2 as well as the Ocelot Unit's slaying of KGB patrols at the opening of MGS3. Snake encounters Akiba's traps in Advent Palace, recalling his trip through MGS1's mine field. Snake meets Drebin, an outside agent whom he doesn't trist, and confers with Otacon, his primary radio contact. This recalls Raiden's meet-up with Snake disguised as Plisken along with his subsequent conference call with the AI Colonel. Snake's Solid Eye resembles Naked Snake's eyepatch.  
Snake must escort Akiba through the Frogs' gunfire, much as Raiden had escorted Emma through the Gurlukovich mercs in MGS2 and as Naked Snaked had escorted EVA through the GRU and Ocelot Unit soldiers near the end of Operation Snake Eater in MGS3. During the Frogs' ambush, Snake and Meryl fight side-by-side through a platoon of high level soldiers as they had after their first meet-up in MGS1. Drebin removes the ID locks that had prevented Raiden from scavenging weapons off the GRU mercs in the Big Shell. Snake receives two handguns, one lethal and the other non-lethal, after meeting up with Mk.II, recalling Naked Snake's similar provisions after meeting EVA early during Operation Snake Eater.  
  Design aspects of the new Foxhound reflect the skills and designs of MGS1's Foxhound Unit. 
 
Jonathan is a "sleeping giant" with a mohawk, suggesting Vulcan Raven's design as a large, Native American shaman. He "hates it when people go around his back," suggesting the tactics necessary to defeat Vulcan Raven in MGS1's refrigerated warehouse. 
 
Ed is a sniper and a "radio guy," recalling both Sniper Wolf's calling as well as the locations where Snake had fought her during MGS1 (before and after Shadow Moses' Communication Towers).  
 
Akiba is the team's "trap otaku," suggesting Decoy Octopus's and Revolver Ocelot's trap and ambush tactics. 
 
Meryl serves as the unit's leader, recalling Liquid Snake's role as head of Foxhound. She also praises the ability to communicate telepathically via SOP, recalling Psycho Mantis's power to dive into others' minds.
The top floor bar in Advent Palace features bottles lining the wall, recalling the minibar aboard the Tanker. Sneaking through the militia base recalls Naked Snake's infiltration of the Graniny Gorki lab during Oepration Snake Eater.  
  Snake's one-on-one encounter with Akiba recalls his first encounter with Meryl. Ocelot lectures Snake from a balcony, suggesting Marine Commandant Scott Dolph's speech in the Tanker's Holds. (The presence of scattered, panicking soldiers reinforces this suggestion.) The military equipment and other provisions (food, etc.) of the militia's base also suggests the Bolshaya Past Base from Operation Snake Eater.  
  In shame, Akiba whacks his head on the ground as Grey Fox had after his fight against Snake in Hal's lab. Snake arrives at the heart of an enemy base that hoards new Metal Gear models, suggesting Snake's arrival inside the Tanker holds to verify and photograph Ray. Snake appraises the M4 Custom assault rifle that he receives from Drebin with an eye for detail and enthusiasm, recalling Naked Snake's praise for the M1191A1 pistol that he had received from EVA.  
  When Ocelot lectures Snake about freedom from their shared genetic legacy, the camera work recalls Liquid Snake's lecture in MGS1 revering that same legacy. Ocelot uses a handheld walkie-talkie to activate the SOP destabilizer, suggesting the handheld detonator that he had used to sink the Tanker in MGS2. (The fact that panic spreads among soldiers immediate afterward reinforces this suggestion.) NARC Cola sits in an ice bucket atop a nice rug, recalling the champagne in an ice bucket that Naked Snake and EVA had shared after Operation Snake Eater.  
  Ocelot's design incorporates yellow and black colors, suggesting a combination between Ocelot's old Western longcoat and Liquid Snake's dark trenchcoat. Praying Mantis PMC grunts break rank and stare around in confusion after Ocelot activates the SOP destabilizer, recalling the Marine's identical reaction when Ocelot and Gurlukovich hijacked the Tanker's Holds in MGS2. Snake appraises the Drum with a mischievous grin, recalling Naked Snake's similar appraisal of a hornet's nest dangling above a KGB soldier's head during Virtuous Mission.  
  When the helicopter rises behind Ocelot, the camera work suggests Liquid Snake's appearance in front of the Hind D at the beginning of MGS1. Ocelot lectures Snake from an elevated position before escaping in a vehicle, suggesting his similar departure from the Tanker with Ray in MGS2. Watching two unrelated factions fight recalls the showdown between the KGB soldiers and the Ocelot Unit at the end of Virtuous Mission.  
  Naomi approaches an incapacitated Snake to deliver a recap of her token lecture from MGS1 about "not being a prisoner to fate." The character designs and skills of the Frog soldiers resemble those of the Arsenal Gear Tengu. Machinegun turrets and other battlefield installations recall similar weapons found in Bolshaya Past Base during Operation Snake Eater.  
  Snake fades in and out of consciousness as Akiba rubs to his side, lifts him up, and escorts him to safety. The scenario and scene direction both recall Liquid Snake's retrieval of Solid Snake after Rex's destruction in MGS1.   The PMC's airstrike recalls similar airstrikes that Naked Snake could summon via captured enemy radio frequencies.  
      Snake meets up with Meryl, receives intel, and fights through the Frogs' ambush, recalling the scenario order of Naked Snake's meeting with EVA, receiving intel, and fighting through the Ocelot Unit's ambush. (In each instance, Snake and Naked Snake battle high level enemies under Ocelot's command.)  
            Snake encounters supply and communucation sheds, recalling Naked Snake's discovery of similar outposts at Bolshaya Past Base.  
            Snake encounters dormant enemy vehicles (Gekkos on board trucks), recalling Naked Snake's discovery of an idle Hind helicopter at Bolshaya Past Base.  
            The Praying Mantis PMC soldiers' reaction to Ocelot's SOP destabilization recalls the Ocelot Unit's panic when The Pain's hornets attack. (This reference likely shares some genealogy with the Marines' panic after Ocelot detonates C4 aboard the Tanker in MGS2.)  
            Snake will vomit after rolling in the Drum, recalling Naked Snake's upchuck if the player spun him in the Survival Viewer for too long.  
            Gaps between Snake and the Frogs during the Advent Palace ambush, caused by space between balconies, recalls the field strip separating Naked Snake and Ocelot during Ocelot's boss fight.  
            Snake enters a red metal door to access the PMC camp, recalling the red metal doors that Snake entered to access EVA's mountaintop shack and The Fury's boss fight area.  


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